Solitons, Links and Knots

Details Solitons, Links and Knots Solitons, Links and Knots

1998-11-09

arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9811077v1

Proc.Roy.Soc.Lond. A455 (1999) 4305-4331

Physics

High Energy Physics

High Energy Physics - Theory

24 pages plus 14 figures in GIF format

Scientific paper

10.1098/rspa.1999.0502

Using numerical simulations of the full nonlinear equations of motion we investigate topological solitons of a modified O(3) sigma model in three space dimensions, in which the solitons are stabilized by the Hopf charge. We find that for solitons up to charge five the solutions have the structure of closed strings, which become increasingly twisted as the charge increases. However, for higher charge the solutions are more exotic and comprise linked loops and knots. We discuss the structure and formation of these solitons and demonstrate that the key property responsible for producing such a rich variety of solitons is that of string reconnection.

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