Thermalization in Nature and on a Quantum Computer

Details Thermalization in Nature and on a Quantum Computer Thermalization in Nature and on a Quantum Computer

2011-02-11

arxiv.org/abs/1102.2389v4

Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 080402 (2012)

Physics

Quantum Physics

4 pages plus 8 pages appendix, 3 figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.080402

In this work, we show how Gibbs or thermal states appear dynamically in closed quantum many-body systems, building on the program of dynamical typicality. We introduce a novel perturbation theorem for physically relevant weak system-bath couplings that is applicable even in the thermodynamic limit. We identify conditions under which thermalization happens and discuss the underlying physics. Based on these results, we also present a fully general quantum algorithm for preparing Gibbs states on a quantum computer with a certified runtime and error bound. This complements quantum Metropolis algorithms, which are expected to be efficient but have no known runtime estimates and only work for local Hamiltonians.

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