Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Theory
Scientific paper
2007-08-30
Gen.Rel.Grav.40:607-637,2008
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Theory
39 pages, 3 figures
Scientific paper
10.1007/s10714-007-0557-5
The energy density of the vacuum, Lambda, is at least 60 orders of magnitude smaller than several known contributions to it. Approaches to this problem are tightly constrained by data ranging from elementary observations to precision experiments. Absent overwhelming evidence to the contrary, dark energy can only be interpreted as vacuum energy, so the venerable assumption that Lambda=0 conflicts with observation. The possibility remains that Lambda is fundamentally variable, though constant over large spacetime regions. This can explain the observed value, but only in a theory satisfying a number of restrictive kinematic and dynamical conditions. String theory offers a concrete realization through its landscape of metastable vacua.
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