Why do neutrinos with different masses interfere and oscillate? Why are states with different masses but same energy coherent? Heisenberg uncertainty and condensed matter physics explain

Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

Scientific paper

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16 pages, no figures, new title and abstract clarification of previous version

Scientific paper

Neutrino oscillations occur only if it is impossible to determine $\nu$ mass by using conservation laws on measurements of nucleon-lepton system absorbing $\nu$. Interactions needed to keep absorbing nucleon within detector prevent determination of $\nu$ mass. Localizing the nucleon in the laboratory system creates a Heisenberg momentum uncertainty and destroys all traces of initial $\nu$ momentum. Condensed matter physics is needed to describe $\nu$ absorption in finite-size $\nu$ detector with effectively infinite mass at rest in laboratory. Relativistic quantum field theory can only describe $\nu$ wave function entering the detector but not the large uncertain momentum transfers to detector nor the associated energy-momentum asymmetry. Absorption of incident $\nu$'s with different momenta but same energy leaves no trace of initial $\nu$ momentum after undetectable recoil-free momentum transfer to detector with negligible energy transfer. The Debye-Waller factor common in X-ray diffraction by crystals gives probability that absorbing $\nu$'s with different momenta produce same nucleon-charged-lepton final state. Oscillations in time described in textbooks as interference between $\nu$ states with different energies are not observable in realistic experiments. Different energy $\nu$'s are not coherent because energy can be determined by measurements on initial and final states. Experiments detecting $\nu$ produced by $\pi \rightarrow \mu \nu$ decay observe no electrons even though $\nu$ mass eigenstates produce electrons. Electron amplitude canceled by interference between amplitudes from different $\nu$ mass eigenstates with same energy and different momenta entering massive detector.

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