Physics – Plasma Physics
Scientific paper
2009-02-23
Physics
Plasma Physics
4 pages, 6 figures, 16 ref. Submitted to European Thermodynamics Conference, Copenhagen, June 2009
Scientific paper
Limiting structure of thermodynamic functions of gaseous plasmas is under consideration in the limit of low temperature and density. The remarkable tendency, that was claimed previously [High Temp. 19, 799 (1981)], is carried to extreme. In the limit discussed, when temperature and density tend to zero at constant value of electron chemical potential, both equations of state (thermal and caloric) obtain almost identical stepped structure ("ionization stairs") when their special forms being exposed i.e. PV/RT for thermal EOS and (U - 3/2PV) for caloric EOS. At the same time all thermodynamic differential parameters (heat capacity, compressibility, etc.) obtain their remarkable delta-like structures ("thermodynamic spectrum"). This limiting structure appears within a fixed (negative) range of electron chemical potential ("intrinsic energy scale") that is bounded below by value of major ionization potential and above by the value connected with sublimation energy of substance. Binding energies of all possible complexes (atomic, molecular and ionic) in its ground state are the only quantities that manifest itself in meaningful details of this limiting picture as location and value of every step. The limiting stepped structure of gaseous zero-Kelvin isotherm is generic prototype of well-known "shell oscillations" in EOS of gaseous plasmas at low, but finite temperatures and non-idealities. At the same time this limiting form of plasma thermodynamics could be used as a natural basis for rigorous deduction of well-known quasi-chemical approach ("chemical picture") in frames of asymptotic expansion (on temperature, but not density) around this reference system.
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