Mott-Insulator to Liquid Transition and Population Trapping in Ultracold Fermi Gases by Non-Equilibrium Modulation of the Optical Lattice

Physics – Quantum Physics

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Scientific paper

An ultracold gas of interacting fermionic atoms in a three dimensional optical lattice is considered, where the lattice potential strength is periodically modulated. This non-equilibrium system is nonperturbatively described by means of a Keldysh-Floquet-Green's function approach employing a generalized dynamical mean field theory (DMFT). Strong repulsive interactions between different atoms lead to a Mott-Insulator state for the equilibrium system, but the additional external driving yields a non-equilibrium density of Floquet-states and a transition to a liquid or conducting state.

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