Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Scientific paper
2005-09-16
Nucl.Phys.A768:118-159,2006
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
25 pages, 16 postscript figures, 2 tables; v2: FIG. 7, 14 and TABLE II have been added. Discussion on the first order 2SC/g2SC
Scientific paper
10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.12.019
We study the phase structures of charge neutral quark matter under the beta-equilibrium for a wide range of the quark-quark coupling strength within a four-Fermion model. A comprehensive and unified picture for the phase transitions from weak to strong coupling is presented. We first develop a technique to deal with the gap equation and neutrality constraints without recourse to numerical derivatives, and show that the off-diagonal color densities automatically vanish with the standard assumption for the diquark condensates. The following are shown by the numerical analyses: (i) The thermally-robustest pairing phase is the two-flavor pairing (2SC) in any coupling case, while the second one for relatively low density is the up-quark pairing (uSC) phase or the color-flavor locked (CFL) phase depending on the coupling strength and the value of strange quark mass. (ii) If the diquark coupling strength is large enough, the phase diagram is much simplified and is free from the instability problems associated with imaginary Meissner masses in the gapless phases. (iii) The interplay between the chiral and diquark dynamics may bring a non-trivial first order transition even in the pairing phases at high density. We confirm (i) also by using the Ginzburg-Landau analysis expanding the pair susceptibilities up to quartic order in the strange quark mass. We obtain the analytic expression for the doubly critical density where the two lines for the second order phase transitions merge, and below which the down-quark pairing (dSC) phase is taken over by the uSC phase. Also we study how the phase transitions from fully gapped states to partially ungapped states are smeared at finite temperature by introducing the order parameters for these transitions.
Abuki Hiroaki
Kunihiro Teiji
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