Phases of Dense Quarks at Large N_c

Details Phases of Dense Quarks at Large N_c Phases of Dense Quarks at Large N_c

2007-06-14

arxiv.org/abs/0706.2191v3

Nucl.Phys.A796:83-100,2007

Physics

High Energy Physics

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

23 pages, 2 figures, uses entcs macro. Minor changes in wording

Scientific paper

10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.08.013

In the limit of a large number of colors, N_c, we suggest that gauge theories can exhibit several distinct phases at nonzero temperature and quark density. Two are familiar: a cold, dilute phase of confined hadrons, where the pressure is ~ 1, and a hot phase of deconfined quarks and gluons, with pressure ~ N_c^2. When the quark chemical potential mu ~ 1, the deconfining transition temperature, T_d, is independent of mu. For T < T_d, as mu increases above the mass threshold, baryons quickly form a dense phase where the pressure is ~ N_c. As illustrated by a Skyrme crystal, chiral symmetry can be both spontaneously broken, and then restored, in the dense phase. While the pressure is ~ N_c, like that of (non-ideal) quarks, the dense phase is still confined, with interactions near the Fermi surface those of baryons, and not of quarks. Thus in the chirally symmetric region, baryons near the Fermi surface are parity doubled. We suggest possible implications for the phase diagram of QCD.

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