Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Scientific paper
2002-06-07
Int.J.Mod.Phys.A18:2229-2366,2003
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Final version. To be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys. A
Scientific paper
10.1142/S0217751X03013879
In this review we discuss the important progress made in recent years towards understanding the experimental data on cosmic rays with energies $\agt 10^{19}$ eV. We begin with a brief survey of the available data, including a description of the energy spectrum, mass composition, and arrival directions. At this point we also give a short overview of experimental techniques. After that, we introduce the fundamentals of acceleration and propagation in order to discuss the conjectured nearby cosmic ray sources. We then turn to theoretical notions of physics beyond the Standard Model where we consider both exotic primaries and exotic physical laws. Particular attention is given to the role that TeV-scale gravity could play in addressing the origin of the highest energy cosmic rays. In the final part of the review we discuss the potential of future cosmic ray experiments for the discovery of tiny black holes that should be produced in the Earth's atmosphere if TeV-scale gravity is realized in Nature.
Anchordoqui Luis
Paul Thomas
Reucroft Stephen
Swain John
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