Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Theory
Scientific paper
2003-07-29
JCAP0311:007,2003
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Theory
46 pages, 8 figures, uses JHEP3.cls; v2: minor corrections, clarifications and several refs added; v3: more minor corrections,
Scientific paper
10.1088/1475-7516/2003/11/007
Arguably the simplest model of a cosmological singularity in string theory, the Lorentzian orbifold $\Real^{1,1}/boost$ is known to lead to severe divergences in scattering amplitudes of untwisted states, indicating a large backreaction toward the singularity. In this work we take a first step in investigating whether condensation of twisted states may remedy this problem and resolve the spacelike singularity. By using the formal analogy with charged open strings in an electric field, we argue that, contrary to earlier claims, twisted sectors do contain physical scattering states, which can be viewed as charged particles in an electric field. Correlated pairs of twisted states will therefore be produced, by the ordinary Schwinger mechanism. For open strings in an electric field, on-shell wave functions for the zero-modes are determined, and shown to analytically continue to non-normalizable modes of the usual Landau harmonic oscillator in Euclidean space. Closed strings scattering states of the Milne orbifold continue to non-normalizable modes in an unusual Euclidean orbifold of $\Real^2$ by a rotation by an irrational angle. Irrespective of the formal analogy with the Milne Universe, open strings in a constant electric field, or colliding D-branes, may also serve as a useful laboratory to study time-dependence in string theory.
Berkooz Micha
Pioline Boris
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