Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
2001-02-07
Physics
Quantum Physics
Revtex, 25 pages
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevA.64.042315
Wootters [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2245 (1998)] has given an explicit formula for the entanglement of formation of two qubits in terms of what he calls the concurrence of the joint density operator. Wootters's concurrence is defined with the help of the superoperator that flips the spin of a qubit. We generalize the spin-flip superoperator to a "universal inverter," which acts on quantum systems of arbitrary dimension, and we introduce the corresponding concurrence for joint pure states of (D1 X D2) bipartite quantum systems. The universal inverter, which is a positive, but not completely positive superoperator, is closely related to the completely positive universal-NOT superoperator, the quantum analogue of a classical NOT gate. We present a physical realization of the universal-NOT superoperator.
Buzek Vladimir
Caves Carlton M.
Hillery Mark
Milburn Gerald J.
Rungta Pranaw
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