Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
2009-06-30
Journal of Mathematical Physics 51, 093505 (2010)
Physics
Quantum Physics
30 pages, 2 figures
Scientific paper
10.1063/1.3479008
General Probabilistic Theories provide the most general mathematical framework for the theory of probability in an operationally natural manner, and generalize classical and quantum theories. In this article, we study state-discrimination problems in general probabilistic theories using a Bayesian strategy. After re-formulation of the theories with mathematical rigor, we first prove that an optimal observable to discriminate any (finite) number of states always exists in the most general setting. Next, we revisit our recently proposed geometric approach for the problem and show that, for two-state discrimination, this approach is indeed effective in arbitrary dimensional cases. Moreover, our method reveals an operational meaning of Gudder's ``intrinsic metric'' by means of the optimal success probability, which turns out to be a generalization of the trace distance for quantum systems. As its by-product, an information-disturbance theorem in general probabilistic theories is derived, generalizing its well known quantum version.
Kimura Gen
Miyadera Takayuki
Nuida Koji
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