Entangled photons, nonlocality and Bell inequalities in the undergraduate laboratory

Details Entangled photons, nonlocality and Bell inequalities in the undergraduate laboratory Entangled photons, nonlocality and Bell inequalities in the undergraduate laboratory

2002-05-27

arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0205171v1

Physics

Quantum Physics

10 pages, 6 figures

Scientific paper

10.1119/1.1498860

We use polarization-entangled photon pairs to demonstrate quantum nonlocality in an experiment suitable for advanced undergraduates. The photons are produced by spontaneous parametric downconversion using a violet diode laser and two nonlinear crystals. The polarization state of the photons is tunable. Using an entangled state analogous to that described in the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen ``paradox,'' we demonstrate strong polarization correlations of the entanged photons. Bell's idea of a hidden variable theory is presented by way of an example and compared to the quantum prediction. A test of the Clauser, Horne, Shimony and Holt version of the Bell inequality finds $S = 2.307 \pm 0.035$, in clear contradiciton of hidden variable theories. The experiments described can be performed in an afternoon.

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