Gauge invariance and hadron structure

Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

Scientific paper

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This revised version gives a complete, comprehensive proof of our conclusion, and explains why the specific calculations of Ho

Scientific paper

We prove that the {\em gauge dependent} gluon spin, gluon and quark orbital angular momenta operators have {\em gauge invariant} expectation values on hadron states with {\em definite} momentum and polarization, therefore the conventional decomposition of nucleon spin into contributions from the spin and orbital angular momentum of quark and gluon is {\em gauge independent}. Similar conclusions apply to the {\em gauge dependent} quark momentum and kinetic energy operators, and accordingly nucleon momentum and mass structures.

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