Physics – History and Philosophy of Physics
Scientific paper
2011-11-21
Physics
History and Philosophy of Physics
10 pages, no figures
Scientific paper
The official Iranian calendar is a solar one that both the length and the first day of its year are based not on convention, but on two natural / solar factors: a) the moment of coincidence of the centre of the Sun and the vernal equinox in apparent revolution of the Sun around the Earth (i.e. the transition moment); and b) the time length between two successive apparent passages of the center of the Sun through that point. These factors give this calendar the chance that 1) its beginning is the beginning of natural/solar year, 2) its length is the length of solar year, and 3) the length of its months is very close to the time of the transition of the Sun across twelve signs of the Zodiac from Farvardin/Aries to Esfand/Pisces. In this paper it would be shown that a) these facts have their own historical backgrounds, and b) up-to-date computations, being based on choosing the tropical year (i.e. 365.24219879 days) as the length of the calendar year, give the best possible intercalation with its specific system of leap years. Thus, on the grounds of historical documents, astronomical data, and mathematical calculations, we establish the Iranian calendar with the highest possible accuracy, which gives it the unique place among all calendars of the world. On the basis of this unique natural-computational model, with its historical backgrounds, any other calendrical system may correct itself, and it would be possible (and even necessary) to establish the universal (standard) calendar [=U(S)C] or universal calendrical system [=UCS] for all over the world, particularly in international relations.
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