Optimal unambiguous discrimination between subsets of non-orthogonal quantum states

Details Optimal unambiguous discrimination between subsets of non-orthogonal quantum states Optimal unambiguous discrimination between subsets of non-orthogonal quantum states

2001-12-08

arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0112051v2

Physics

Quantum Physics

10 pages, changes in section 2, replaced with published version, to appear in Physical Review A

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevA.66.032315

It is known that unambiguous discrimination among non-orthogonal but linearly independent quantum states is possible with a certain probability of success. Here, we consider a variant of that problem. Instead of discriminating among all of the different states, we shall only discriminate between two subsets of them. In particular, for the case of three non-orthogonal states, we show that the optimal strategy to distinguish between a set containing one of the states from the set containing the other two has a higher success rate than if we wish to discriminate among all three states. Somewhat surprisingly, for unambiguous discrimination the subsets need not be linearly independent. A fully analytical solution is presented, and we also show how to construct generalized interferometers (multiports) that provide an optical implementation of the optimal strategy.

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