Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
2001-12-20
Phys. Rev. Lett 87, 240402 (2001)
Physics
Quantum Physics
5 pages, no figures
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.240402
An open quantum system in steady state $\hat\rho_{ss}$ can be represented by a weighted ensemble of pure states $\hat\rho_{ss}=\sum_{k}\wp_{k}\ket{\psi_k} \bra{\psi_k}$ in infinitely many ways. A physically realizable (PR) ensemble is one for which some continuous measurement of the environment will collapse the system into a pure state $\ket{\psi(t)}$, stochastically evolving such that the proportion of time for which $\ket{\psi(t)} = \ket{\psi_{k}}$ equals $\wp_{k}$. Some, but not all, ensembles are PR. This constitutes the preferred ensemble fact, with the PR ensembles being the preferred ensembles. We present the necessary and sufficient conditions for a given ensemble to be PR, and illustrate the method by showing that the coherent state ensemble is not PR for an atom laser.
Vaccaro John A.
Wiseman Howard M.
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