Physics – Nuclear Physics – Nuclear Theory
Scientific paper
2009-11-24
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Theory
12 opages, 5 figures, Proceedings of IWND09 - 22-25 August 2009 Shanghai (China)
Scientific paper
The nuclear symmetry energy at densities above saturation density ($\rho_0\sim 0.16 fm^{-3}$) is poorly constrained theoretically and very few relevant experimental data exist. Its study is possible through Heavy Ion Collisions (HIC) at energies $E/A> 200$ MeV, particularly with beams of neutron-rich radioactive nuclei. The energy range implies that the momentum dependence of the isospin fields, i.e. the difference of the effective masses on protons and neutrons, also has to be investigated before a safe constraint on $\esy(\rho)$ is possible. We discuss the several observables which have been suggested, like $n/p$ emission and their collective flows and the ratio of meson yields with different isospin projection, $\pi^-/\pi^+$ and $K^0/K^+$. We point out several physical mechanisms that should be included in the theoretical models to allow a direct comparison to the more precise experiments which will be able to distinguish the isospin projection of the detected particles: CSR/Lanzhou, FAIR/GSI, RIBF/RIKEN, FRIB/MSU.
Colonna Maria
Greco Vincenzo
Toro Massimo Di
Wolter Hermann H.
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