Physics – Nuclear Physics – Nuclear Experiment
Scientific paper
2012-01-27
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Experiment
36 pages, 25 figures, Invited lectures at the International School of Subnuclear Physics, 49th Course, "Searching for unexpect
Scientific paper
Recent highlights from Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are reviewed and discussed. Topics include: Discovery of the strongly interacting Quark Gluon Plasma (sQGP) in 2005; RHIC machine operation in 2011 as well as latest achievements from the superconducting Magnet Division and the National Synchrotron Light Source II project. Highlights from QGP physics at RHIC include: comparison of new measurements of charged multiplicity in A+A collisions by ALICE at the LHC to previous RHIC measurements; Observation of the anti-alpha particle by the STAR experiment; Collective Flow, including the Triangular Flow discovery and the latest results on v3; the RHIC beam energy scan in search of the QCD critical point. The pioneering use at RHIC of hard-scattering as a probe of the sQGP will also be reviewed and the latest results presented including: jet-quenching via suppression of high pT particles and two particle correlations; new results on fragmentation functions using gamma-hadron correlations in p-p and Au+Au collisions; comparison of jet imbalance in A+A relative to p-p collisions measured by PHENIX using pizero-hadron correlations to CMS measurements with reconstructed jets; first measurement by PHENIX of anisotropic flow of direct photons in the thermal range 1< pT < 3 GeV/c, with v2 as large as that of pions; a review of the equality of the suppression of inclusive pi0 (from light quarks and gluons) and direct-single electrons (from the decay of heavy quarks) in the transverse momentum range 4< pT < 9 GeV/c, at RHIC (now also seen with reconstructed charm mesons by ALICE at the LHC) which disfavors a radiative explanation of suppression and leads to a fundamental question of whether the Higgs boson gives mass to fermions.
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