Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Scientific paper
2000-11-29
Phys.Atom.Nucl.64:834-842,2001; Yad.Fiz.64:899-907,2001
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
14 pages, dedicated to A.B. Migdal
Scientific paper
10.1134/1.1378872
QCD at finite isospin chemical potential mu_I is studied. This theory has no fermion sign problem and can be simulated on the lattice using present-day techniques. We solve this theory analytically in two limits: low mu_I where chiral perturbation theory is applicable, and asymptotically high mu_I where perturbative QCD is at work. At low isospin density the ground state is a superfluid pion condensate. At very high density it is a Fermi liquid with Cooper pairing. The pairs carry the same quantum numbers as the pions. Motivated by this observation, we put forward a conjecture that the transition from hadron to quark matter is smooth. The conjecture passes several nontrivial tests. Our results imply a nontrivial phase diagram in the space of temperature and chemical potentials of isospin and baryon number. At asymtotically large values of mu_I and small values of baryon chemical potential the ground state is in a phase similar to Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase. It is characterized by a spatially modulated superfluid order parameter
Son Dam T.
Stephanov Mikhail A.
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