Tracing the Sun-Earth Connection: The Solar Particle Chain in April 2002

Details Tracing the Sun-Earth Connection: The Solar Particle Chain in April 2002 Tracing the Sun-Earth Connection: The Solar Particle Chain in April 2002

Dec 2002

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002agufmsa11b..03b&link_type=abstract

American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2002, abstract #SA11B-03

Physics

0358 Thermosphere: Energy Deposition, 2704 Auroral Phenomena (2407), 2784 Solar Wind/Magnetosphere Interactions, 7513 Coronal Mass Ejections

Scientific paper

Soon after the RHESSI spacecraft observed an X-class solar flare early on 21 April 2002 a coronal mass ejection (CME) moving at ~2500 km/sec was observed by SOHO to emerge from near the west limb of the Sun. Almost simultaneously, Type-II and Type-III radio emission was observed by the Wind spacecraft, indicating the onset of particle acceleration near the Sun. The active region on the Sun responsible for this event was magnetically well-connected to the Earth, leading to a prompt enhancement at 1 A.U. of solar particles (E>10 MeV) as seen by the ACE and SAMPEX spacecraft. Strong shock-related particle acceleration continued to occur as the CME propagated outward from the sun. The solar particle enhancement lasted from 21 April to 26 April (as seen by the NOAA/POES spacecraft) and included enhancement not only of solar protons and heavier nuclei extending to hundreds of MeV/nucleon but also solar electrons. The energetic particles produced near the sun, at this and preceding interplanetary shock waves, and deep within the Earth's radiation belts were all observed using TIMED and SNOE to produce substantial effects on the chemistry of the Earth's middle and upper atmosphere. We examine the impacts of this set of events on atmospheric heating and cooling rates and on ozone densities in the mesosphere. Using the remarkable constellation of available spacecraft, we are able to follow the particle chain from the Sun's surface all the way to the deep layers of Earth's atmosphere with unprecedented completeness.

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