Electromagnetic power flows in MI coupling: origins, spatial scales, and conversion processes

Physics

Scientific paper

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[2736] Magnetospheric Physics / Magnetosphere/Ionosphere Interactions

Scientific paper

There are four dominant sources of e.m. energy flow from the outer realms of the magnetosphere into the ionosphere, (1) dragging of open flux tubes by the solar wind, (2) braking of earthward reconnection flows in the tail, (3) earthward directed forces of hot plasma piling up at the inner edge of the tail during substorms, and (4) pressure forces driving the sunward convection along the auroral oval. The fraction of the energy flux arriving immediately at the ionosphere varies strongly among these four mechanisms. In (1) most of the energy first flows into the plasma sheet, while in process (4) most of the energy flows directly into the ionosphere, or a fraction of it indirectly via auroral particle production. There are no intrinsic scales for the direct flow of energy into the ionosphere and dissipation by ion-neutral collisions, but where energy is first processed by energization of auroral particles, various transverse scales appear. They are owed to the matching of Alfvén wave impedance and field-parallel or ionospheric conductances, or to the dissipative properties of kinetic Alfvén waves. In all cases, the dumping of the energy flow involves the release of shear magnetic stresses.

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