Physics
Scientific paper
May 1989
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1989jatp...51..401w&link_type=abstract
Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics (ISSN 0021-9169), vol. 51, May 1989, p. 401-424. Research supported by the Austra
Physics
127
Electron Clouds, Equatorial Atmosphere, Ionospheric Electron Density, Sporadic E Layer, Temperate Regions, Wind Profiles, Annual Variations, Midlatitude Atmosphere, Radio Transmission, Wind Shear
Scientific paper
Theoretical and experimental work since 1970 is summarized. Midlatitude sporadic-E is most likely due to a vertical shear in the horizontal east-west wind and this theory accounts for the detailed observations of the wind and electron density profiles. Preferred heights of sporadic-E are separated by about 6 km and descending layers arae often seen moving down with velocities in the range 0.6-4 m/s. Sometimes sporadic-E layers are very flat and uniform, and at other times form clouds of electrons 2-100 km in size moving horizontally at 120-130 m/s. Sporadic-E is probably not correlated with meteor showers, this is a rather surprising result since the ions are meteor debris. The major problems with windshear theory are to account for the dramatic seasonal variation and, to a lesser extent, for the geographical and diurnal distributions. The Q-type equatorial sporadic-E appears to be due to the gradient instability. There is a very much smaller amount of new experimental data available in this area.
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