Coronal Holes During the Past Solar Cycle [Invited]

Physics – Geophysics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Analyses of UVCS/SOHO observations during different phases of Solar Cycle 23 have shown marked variations of ion properties in the acceleration region of the high-speed solar wind in large coronal holes. In 1996--1997 at solar minimum, UVCS observations revealed fast, hot flows coming from polar coronal holes. Around solar maximum, UVCS observations showed slower, cooler flows coming from coronal holes at the Sun's equator. In 2001 and 2002, UVCS observations evidenced the reappearance of the coronal holes at the north and south poles for the next solar cycle. We present empirical models for the physical properties of large coronal holes and the acceleration of the associated high-speed solar wind derived from ultraviolet coronagraphic spectroscopy. We discuss the role of solar cycle trends and the variation of ambient coronal-hole properties (e.g., magnetic field, geometry, density). We use these observations to test phenomenological models of coronal heating and solar wind acceleration. This work is supported by NASA under Grant NAG5-11420 to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, by the Italian Space Agency and by PRODEX (Swiss contribution).

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