Measuring lightning-induced ionospheric effects with incoherent scatter radar or with cross-modulation

Physics

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Scientific paper

Measurements have been made of the ionosphere during lightning storms using the incoherent scatter radar at Arecibo, Puerto Rico. Attempts were made to detect the expected increases in the D-region electron number densities, and possible changes in the plasma line echoes in the F-region. No D-region density changes were detected, to a limit of under 200/cc. This upper limit on possible lightning-induced ionization is not necessarily in conflict with predictions, which are of the same order as this limit and depend on assumptions of the strength and duration of the lightning. Spectral plasma line measurements of the incoherent scatter in the F-region, which are a sensitive indication of E-field variations also did not show any changes associated with individual lightning strikes. An alternative method of searching for D-region changes due to lightning is a cross-modulation or riometer experiment, which is modeled here.

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