The mineralogy and chemistry of the lower mantle: an implication of the ultrahigh-pressure phase relations in the system MgO-FeO-SiO2

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Phase relations in the system MgO-FeO-SiO2 have been investigated at GPa and 1600°C with a uniaxial split-sphere-type apparatus. On the join Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 the two-phase assemblage, (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite and (Mg,Fe)O magnesiowüstite is found to be stable from Fe/(Mg + Fe) = 0.00 to 0.35. The maximum solubility of iron in the perovskite is found to be Fe/(Mg + Fe) = 0.11 on the join MgSiO3-FeSiO3 and is much smaller than the previou result obtained with the diamond anvil. The iron-magnesium partition coefficient between the two phases shows a compositional dependenceK'Pv-MwFe-Mg = (Fe/Mg)Pv/(Fe/Mg)Mw = 0.15 on the magnesium-rich side and 0.09 at the iron-rich end. The mineralogy and chemistry of the lower mantle is discussed on the basis of the present phase relations combined with the estimated physical properties of the lower mantle (i.e., atmospheric pressure, density and bulk modulus). A peridotitic bulk composition, similar to that of the uppermost mantle, which consists of perovskite (XFe ~ 0.04) and magnesiowüstite (XFe ~ 0.26) is found to be adequate as the major constituent of the lower mantle. However, magnesian perovskite with a small amount of stishovite cannot be ruled out as the phase assemblage of the lower mantle.

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