Physics
Scientific paper
Jan 1986
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1986spie..643..141r&link_type=abstract
IN: Infrared, adaptive, and synthetic aperture optical systems; Proceedings of the Meetings, Arlington, VA, Apr. 8, 1985 and Orl
Physics
Image Processing, Phased Arrays, Synthetic Apertures, Autocorrelation, Cross Correlation, Degrees Of Freedom, Modulation Transfer Function
Scientific paper
Large optical apertures can be synthesized by utilizing a phased array of smaller elements. The phasing is realized by ensuring that the individual elements are made from the same lens or mirror and properly positioned. The synthesis of MTF for various geometrical arrays of such partially filled apertures has been demonstrated experimentally with incoherent illumination. Postprocessing techniques were used to remove the deleterious effect in the image due to autocorrelation of the individual elements. The results demonstrated that the resolution of the equivalent full aperture is achievable by the MTF synthesis, which arises from cross correlation of the various elements. The limitations due to misalignment of the various elements in six degrees of freedom were investigated theoretically, and experimentally verified for both refractive and reflective elements. Systems analysis showed that the aperture must be designed so that the synthesized MTF has a modulation higher than the detector noise threshold at all spatial frequencies. In general, the technique does not work unless the radiation is spatially incoherent. To illustrate this, experiments were performed with laser illumination. The aperture did not synthesize unless the laser was rendered incoherent by utilizing moving diffusers or scanning techniques.
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