Electric current helicity in the solar atmosphere

Physics

Scientific paper

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Electric Current, Helical Inducers, Solar Atmosphere, Dynamo Theory, Magnetic Flux, Solar Rotation

Scientific paper

The atmospheric electric current helicity and its place in the existing mean-field theories of solar magnetism are examined. It is demonstrated that the electric current helicity is predominantly negative in the Northern Hemisphere and positive in the Southern Hemisphere. This finding contradicts the standard dynamo theory according to which the helicity of the large-scale currents is generated by the alpha effect in the convection zone, since it shows helicity of opposite sign. The rule found, however, can be explained by current generation due to rotational motions of sunspots and other magnetic elements in accordance with the global differential rotation. On the other hand, in some alternative dynamo models for the global field, in which the dynamo operates at the base of the convection zone, the large-scale current helicity generated by the alpha effect has the sign needed.

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