The Origin of Prominences and Their Hemispheric Preference for the Skew of Overlying X-ray Loops

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Scientific paper

I present a ``head-to-tail'' inkage model for the formation, evolution, and eruption of solar filaments. The magnetic field structure of the model is based upon the observation that filaments form exclusively in filament channels with no apparent magnetic connections above the polarity inversion line. The formation of a filament in this configuration is driven by flux convergence and cancellation, which produces loop-like filaments segments with a half-turn. Filament segments of like chirality may connect and form long quiescent filaments. I demonstrate that the combined workings of Hale's polarity law, Joy's law, and differential rotation introduce a strong hemispheric preference in the chirality of filaments formed poleward of the sunspot belt, in agreement with observations. I analyze the magnetic fine structure of filaments formed through the model and find consistency with the observed hemispheric preference for the skew of overlying X-ray emitting loops observed by Yohkoh-SXT, contrary to what would be expected from differential rotation. Finally I show that every cancellation event that generates a filament obeying the hemispheric chirality preference, injects a flux tube below the surface with a poloidal field opposite to that of the ongoing cycle. I suggest that this pattern of submergence of flux represents the specific mechanism for the reversal of the poloidal flux in a Babcock-Leighton-Durney type model for the solar dynamo.

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