Upper-atmosphere zonal winds from satellite orbit analysis - An update

Physics

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Satellite Orbits, Solar Activity, Upper Atmosphere, Zonal Flow (Meteorology), Inclination, Least Squares Method, Wind Profiles

Scientific paper

The rotation rate Lambda of the upper atmosphere can be evaluated from the observed changes in satellite orbital inclination, and in 1983 the results then available were reviewed. The present paper updates the previous review, incorporating 18 new values determined in the past five years and generally of better accuracy. After adding the new results, it is found that the average value of Lambda increases from 1.0 rev/day at 125 Km height to about 1.2 at 300 Km, and then decreases to about 0.9 at 500 Km; Lambda is higher in the evening (18-24 h), with a maximum value near 300 Km which corresponds to a west-to-east wind of 150 m/s, and is lower in the morning (06-12 h), with east-to-west winds of order 50 m/s at heights of 200-400 Km. The values of Lambda are higher in winter than in summer for heights of 200-300 Km, and there is an indication that Lambda may vary with solar activity, being about 0.1 lower for medium solar activity than for high or low solar activity. Results for heights above 450 Km are still sparse.

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