The distance scale of the universe

Physics

Scientific paper

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Big Bang Cosmology, Distance, Scale (Ratio), Universe, Cepheid Variables, Galaxies, Milky Way Galaxy, Spatial Distribution

Scientific paper

The progress in techniques for measuring distances in the universe is traced to present capabilities and reference objects and length scales. Hubble established the first scale of extragalactic distances between 1925-35 by demonstrating a direct proportion between the distances of galaxies and their recession velocities. The Hubble parameter defined the expansion rate of the universe, which could be traced back to the Big Bang. Corrections have been made to the Hubble parameter since that time, increasing the estimate of the age of the universe to 15-20 billion years. Reconsideration of the distance scales has indicated that the scale is linear, i.e., the relative distance determinations maintain proportions independent of systematic error in the fundamental scale, the distances to the nearest galaxies. This factor permits a scale model of the universe to be constructed with an error factor of 10 percent.

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