Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 1983
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1983icar...56..476c&link_type=abstract
Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035), vol. 56, Dec. 1983, p. 476-495. NASA-supported research.
Physics
89
Freezing, Ice Formation, Lakes, Mars Surface, Streams, Terrestrial Planets, Atmospheric Pressure, Channels, Evaporation, Valleys, Water Flow, Wind Effects
Scientific paper
Under present climatic conditions streams and lakes on Mars will freeze. Freezing is slow and would have a negligible effect in impeding flow of the large floods that are believed to have eroded the outflow channels. Valley networks are more difficult to form under current climatic conditions since they appear to have formed by slow erosion by streams of modest discharges. Freezing of small Martian streams was modeled for a variety of climatic conditions on the supposition that the Martian atmosphere may have been considerably thicker in the past when the valley networks formed. The main problem with forming the valleys is initiating the flow. Groundwater seepage alone appears inadequate because of the difficulty of recharging the groundwater system. Melting of ice precipitated onto the surface following injection of water into the atmosphere by large impacts is a possible source of water, but the climatic conditions under which the ice could melt and the water be collected into streams that can survive long enough to cut the valleys is uncertain.
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