The spatial distribution of magnetospheric convection electric fields at ionospheric altitudes - A review. I - Observations

Physics

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Auroral Zones, Convection Currents, Earth Magnetosphere, Electric Fields, Ionospheric Currents, E Region, Incoherent Scatter Radar, Ionospheric Drift, Ogo-6, Spatial Distribution

Scientific paper

Experimental techniques to study the large-scale distribution of ionospheric electric fields are reviewed, indicating the advantages, limitations, and characteristic spatial and temporal coverage of each technique. In situ measurements using balloons and satellites are considered, including the results obtained with the latter for the large-scale pattern, intensifications, and reversals of the electric field. The ground-based techniques of incoherent and coherent scatter radar are addressed, describing the instruments used and the most important results achieved. The main features of the large-scale convection pattern in the auroral zone are summarized.

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