Plasma cloud expansion in the ionosphere - Three-dimensional simulation

Physics

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Computerized Simulation, Earth Ionosphere, Neutral Sheets, Plasma Clouds, Three Dimensional Models, Barium, Field Aligned Currents, Lorentz Force, Magnetic Field Configurations, Oxygen Ions, Pressure Gradients

Scientific paper

A time-dependent three-dimensional fluid model for simulating a plasma cloud in the ionosphere with dimensions roughly the same in all directions is presented. In this model, the ions created from the released neutral cloud and the background ionospheric ions are followed separately, and the calculation is made in the physical coordinates, in which the spatial resolution in each dimension can be the same or comparable. A plasma expansion of a nearly spherical 1-km Ba(+) cloud, both with and without a background neutral wind, and a long thin Ba(+) cloudlet are simulated. It is shown that the effective potential, which is different from the electrostatic potential if the electron temperature is included, is constant along the magnetic field for realistic cloud sizes, that the elongation of the plasma cloud in the magnetic-field direction is common to all cloud expansions, and that the Ba(+) cloud pushes the background O(+) ions away along the magnetic field.

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