Proper Motion Survey of Classical and SDSS Local Group Dwarf Galaxies

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Scientific paper

Using the superior resolution of HST, we propose to continue our propermotion survey of Galactic dwarf galaxies. The target galaxies includeone classical dwarf, Leo II, and six that were recently identified inthe Sloan Digital Sky Survey data: Bootes I, Canes Venatici I, CanesVenatici II, Coma Berenices, Leo IV, and Ursa Major II. We willobserve a total of 16 fields, each centered on a spectroscopically-confirmed QSO. Using QSOs as standards of rest in measuring absoluteproper motions has proven to be the most accurate and most efficientmethod. HST is our only option to quickly determine the space motionsof the SDSS dwarfs because suitable ground-based imaging is only a fewyears old and such data need several decades to produce a propermotion. The two most distant galaxies in our sample will require timebaselines of four years to achieve our goal of a 30-50 km/s uncertaintyin the tangential velocity; given this and the finite lifetime of HST,it is imperative that first-epoch observations be taken in this cycle.The SDSS dwarfs have dramatically lower surface brightnesses andluminosities than the classical dwarfs. Proper motions are crucial fordetermining orbits of the galaxies and knowing the orbits will allow usto test theories for the formation and evolution of these galaxies and,more generally, for the formation of the Local Group.;

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