Ionospheric conductivities, electric fields and currents associated with auroral substorms measured by the EISCAT radar

Physics

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Atmospheric Electricity, Auroral Zones, Eiscat Radar System (Europe), Ionospheric Conductivity, Polar Substorms, All Sky Photography, Auroral Arcs, E Region, Electric Fields, Ionospheric Electron Density

Scientific paper

The conductivity changes during substorm growth, onset, and expansion phases for seven substorms occurring in the local evening sector are studied using E-region electron density profiles measured by the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar. All-sky photographs and images from the Viking satellite are used to identify auroral features. Conductances and electric fields in the zone of diffuse aurora corresponding to the westward substorm electroject are shown to be consistent with existing models. Conductances in the discrete auroral arcs marking the expanding edge of the substorm are found to be much higher, with electric fields much lower than previously assumed. The magnetic signatures of the discrete arcs are explained by Hall and Pedersen currents driven by a southward neutral wind. The highest conductances observed were associated with arcs appearing at the southern edge of activity in the vicinity of a westward-travelling surge.

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