The transient response mechanism and Pi2 pulsations at substorm onset - Review and outlook

Physics

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Geomagnetic Micropulsations, Magnetic Storms, Transient Response, Coupled Modes, Earth Surface, Geosynchronous Orbits, Ionospheric Currents, Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling

Scientific paper

Pi2 pulsations are nowadays thought to be transient hydromagnetic signals associated with the build-up of a new stationary magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling system after the sudden formation of the substorm current wedge. To illustrate this transient response mechanism, the substorm current circuit is briefly described. Subsequently, it is demonstrated that the gross characteristics of high-latitude Pi2 can be explained by the sudden switch-on of this current wedge during substorm onset if its westward expansion is taken into account. It is concluded by discussing some additional phenomena and processes (like conductivity and electron density gradients, kinetic Alfven waves, ionospheric polarization electric fields, and mode coupling) which have to be included into a realistic model for Pi2 pulsations and thus time-dependent magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling.

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