Evidence for Deep Mixing in the Globular Cluster M 13

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Scientific paper

We present the results of a spectroscopic study of aluminum in 85 red-giant-branch (RGB) stars that covers a range of 3.5 magnitudes from the tip of the RGB in the globular cluster M 13. The aluminum abundance distribution is bimodal at all magnitudes according to the statistics determined with the KMM algorithm. The ratio of aluminum-strong to aluminum-normal stars remains constant as a function of V magnitude at 2.00 {+/-} 0.12 (1σ) up to V = 13.1. At brighter magnitudes, this ratio jumps to near 3 due to a sharp decrease in the number of aluminum-normal giants near the RGB tip. Although the analysis still suffers from small-number effects, the results thus far present evidence that deep mixing is occurring on the RGB in M 13 and that at least part of the observed high aluminum abundances are due to this deep mixing. Further analysis compares the aluminum abundances on the RGB to the horizontal-branch morphology in an attempt to discover a relationship between deep (helium) mixing and the second-parameter effect. R.M.C acknowledges the National Academy of Sciences for support of his work.

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