Dispersion Relation and Perturbation Relations for a Three-Fluid Plasma

Physics

Scientific paper

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2708 Current Systems (2409), 2736 Magnetosphere/Ionosphere Interactions, 2772 Plasma Waves And Instabilities, 2431 Ionosphere/Magnetosphere Interactions (2736)

Scientific paper

We analyze a three-fluid system, i.e., ions, electrons, and neutrals, to describe various regions in space. The plasma characteristics from the solar wind and magnetosphere to ionosphere and thermosphere can be modeled by varying characteristic frequencies in the system, such as gyrofrequencies and collision frequencies. We derive, for the simplest situation with constant density and gyrofrequencies, the dispersion relation for incompressible field-aligned propagation and perturbation relations. The addition of the neutral collisions to a conventional collisionless plasma results in absorption or attenuation of the waves and decrease in the propagation velocity with the frequency below the ion-neutral collision frequency. When reconnection at the magnetopause turns on, perturbations of various frequencies propagate at different speeds toward the ionosphere. The first perturbations to arrive at the ionosphere are mainly electromagnetic oscillations carried by the highest frequencies, whose front can propagate as fast as the speed of light if reconnection has switched on sufficiently suddenly. The front of oscillations predominantly in the current arrives next, at the whistler-mode speed. Perturbations predominantly in the magnetic field and the velocity as well as non-oscillatory (step-function) changes of all the quantities arrive last, at or slower than the Alfvén speed. The lowest frequencies attenuate rapidly, limiting the penetration depth of the driven change in magnetospheric convection.

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