Can Q-balls save the universe from intermediate-scale phase transitions?

Physics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

We discuss the possible role of non-topological solitons (Q-balls) during first-order phase transitions in the early Universe. We argue that Q-balls cannot mediate such a transition unless the self-coupling in the effective potential is large, in which case the tunnelling probability is in any case high. A corollary of our analysis is that Q-balls do not solve the entropy problems of flat potentials such as those of Coleman and Weinberg, no-scale models and superstring models with intermediate scales. We also comment on other problems of superstring models with intermediate scales.

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