Ion distributions and thermalization at perpendicular and quasi-perpendicular supercritical collisionless shocks

Physics

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Collisionless Plasmas, Energetic Particles, Ion Distribution, Shock Wave Propagation, Space Plasmas, Computerized Simulation, Incident Radiation, Thermalization (Energy Absorption)

Scientific paper

Computer simulations and observations in laboratory and space plasmas have revealed that some incident ions are reflected at perpendicular and quasi-perpendicular high Mach number (i.e., supercritical) shocks. Moreover, these studies have established that the gyration and subsequent thermalization of these ions play a dominant role in the shock dissipation process. Here, a hybrid kinetic simulation is used to study the selection of an incoming ion as either reflected-gyrating or transmitted. It is found that the reflected ions come from a limited region in the upstream velocity space distribution. None of the reflected ions come from the core of the distribution. Whether a particle becomes reflected depends on its energy in the upstream frame and its gyrophase as it encounters the shock.

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