The role of fallback ejecta in the modification of impact craters

Details The role of fallback ejecta in the modification of impact craters The role of fallback ejecta in the modification of impact craters

Apr 1980

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1980icar...42....1s&link_type=abstract

Icarus, vol. 42, Apr. 1980, p. 1-19.

Physics

1

Cavities, Cratering, Ejecta, Impact Damage, Aerodynamic Drag, Arizona, Deceleration, Lunar Craters, Particle Size Distribution, Terrestrial Planets, Craters, Ejecta, Impacts, Characteristics, Size, Meteor Crater, Arizona, Techniques, Models, Shock, Deposition, Atmosphere, Deceleration, Earth, Cratering, Terrestrial, Venus, Mars, Planets, Formation, Diagrams, Data, Radius, Parameters, Trajectories, Comparisons, Volume, Slumping, Fragments, Particles, Collisions, Experiments, Metamorphism

Scientific paper

The physical processes responsible for the deposition of fragments of target material ejected from the transient cavity of an impact crater within the crater are discussed and quantities of fallback ejecta deposited in impact craters formed on different planetary surfaces are estimated. Consideration is given to the relative importance of in-flight particle collisions and atmospheric particle deceleration, and a model of the aerodynamic deceleration of fallback ejecta is developed. When applied to Meteor Crater in Arizona, the model predicts 5% of the primary ejecta, with an average fragment size of 1.4 cm, to have fallen back into the crater, in agreement with empirical studies of the crater fallback deposit, thus indicating atmospheric deceleration to be the principal mechanism for fallback deposition on earth. The model also predicts the proportion of primary ejecta to be deposited as fallback to increase with excavation cavity diameter on the earth. Model estimates also suggest that more than half of the primary ejecta from large-scale Venusian cavities should be redeposited as fallback, while relatively small amounts of fallback are expected for lunar and Martian craters.

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