Surface Abundances in FG Sge: a Test of Stellar Evolution Theory

Physics

Scientific paper

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Stellar Structure, Interiors, Evolution, Nucleosynthesis, Ages, Faint Blue Stars, White Dwarfs, Degenerate Stars, Nuclei Of Planetary Nebulae, Supergiant Stars

Scientific paper

The remarkable star FG Sge has evolved from a white dwarf to a yellow supergiant in a century. This evolution has been attributed to the re-ignition of shell-burning helium in a post-asymptotic giant branch star. Purportedly supporting this view, studies of FG Sge have argued that significant quantities of s-processed elements have been dredged to the surface over a forty year interval as the star has cooled. Carbon is also enhanced, but no evidence of hydrogen depletion has been presented, in contradiction to theoretical models of the shell ignition. In a re-analysis of the published data, we find that the evidence for a change in s-process elements is marginal, but that there has been a significant increase in surface carbon and helium. This result agrees better with theoretical predictions, but the onset of dredge-up is still markedly earlier than expected and represents a continuing challenge for stellar evolution and convection theory.

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