The Human Impact of Solar Flares and Magnetic Storms

Physics

Scientific paper

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Solar Radio Bursts, Solar Wind, Solar Prominences, Solar Physics, Solar Activity, Magnetic Storms, Energetic Particles, Damage, Human Reactions, Terrestrial Radiation, Sunlight, Sun, Solar Cosmic Rays, Satellite Observation, Satellite Instruments, Photons, Galileo Spacecraft, Emission, Electric Power Transmission, Earth Atmosphere, Display Devices, Command And Control

Scientific paper

The Sun shines, and Earth and its inhabitants benefit. But the Sun radiates more than light, and these radiations are variable over time scales of seconds to days to years. The consequences for people range from glorious celestial displays-auroras-to subtle but potentially damaging effects on the technological systems that are increasingly important for daily living. For example, electric power transmission systems and communication links have proven vulnerable to solar phenomena. And outside of Earth's protective atmosphere and magnetic shield, there is a small but genuine risk of a solar energetic particle burst that would be lethal to satellite sensors and command and control systems and astronauts. It has been known since the time of Galileo that the Sun is neither featureless nor steady. Besides ordinary sunlight, there are three classes of solar emanations that can be directly associated with effects at Earth-photon radiation from solar flares, solar energetic particles, and inhomogeneties in the solar wind that drive magnetic storms. Below, the emanations are summarized and their effects are described.

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