The identification and characteristics of solar mass ejections observed in the heliosphere by the HELIOS 2 photometers

Physics

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Helios 2, Heliosphere, Solar Activity, Stellar Mass Ejection, Geomagnetism, Interplanetary Magnetic Fields, Photometers, Solar Corona, Solar Cycles, Solar Magnetic Field, Zodiacal Light

Scientific paper

Observations were obtained using the three zodiacal light photometers of the Helios 2 spacecraft in order to identify coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the interplanetary medium, to establish their heliospheric characteristics, to compare them with those of CMEs observed near the sun, and to determine the frequency of occurrence of CMEs from 1976 through 1979. Eighty percent of the white light transients are be classified as CMEs moving outward from the sun. The average CME is found to have a brightness increase of 2.3 S10 units in the 90-deg photometer, an average duration of 37 h, and a speed of about 500 km/s, implying a radial 'flow' dimension of about 0.4 AU, and a longitudinal width near the sun of about 50 deg. The CMEs supply significant amounts of mass to the inner heliosphere, especially around the maximum phase of solar activity. During the rise of the last solar activity cycle, the CME occurrence rate increased by an order of magnitude between cycle minimum and maximum.

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