Development of flare morphology in X-rays, and the flare scenario

Physics

Scientific paper

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Bursts, Coronal Loops, Energy Transfer, Solar Flares, Solar X-Rays, Convective Flow, Plasma Heating, Solar Electrons, Solar Limb, Solar Temperature, X Ray Imagery

Scientific paper

The development of the X-ray emitting component of solar flares is investigated based on images in the 3.5-30 keV range obtained by the Hard X-ray Imaging Spectrometer on NASA's Solar Maximum Mission. It is shown that the first phase of a flare is an impulsive phase, lasting 5-10 min, which is characterized by X-ray bursts of short duration, a patchy X-ray morphology, and the injection of energy. A gradual or diffuse phase begins at about the same time as the impulsive phase and is characterized by a gradually varying X-ray flux from a larger, diffuse, area situated higher than the sources of the impulsive X-ray bursts. During the first five minutes, the diffuse cloud is hotter by a few million degrees than the sources of the impulsive phase bursts and is probably caused by convective motions with upward velocities of a few hundred km/sec. The diffuse cloud is found to contain about the same number of energetic electrons as the impulsive burst patches contained initially. The diffuse cloud gradually cools down by radiative and conductive losses over a period of about an hour.

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