Variations in Martian surface composition and cloud occurrence determined from thermal infrared spectroscopy - Analysis of Viking and Mariner 9 data

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Mars Surface, Planetary Composition, Cloud Cover, Infrared Spectroscopy, Viking Spacecraft, Mariner 9 Space Probe, Infrared Interferometers, Spatial Distribution, Mars Atmosphere, Satellite Observation

Scientific paper

Viking IR thermal mapper (IRTM) and Mariner 9 IR interferometer spectrometer (IRIS) data were examined for evidence of spatial variations in the composition of surface materials and the abundance of atmospheric condensates. The IRTM instrument collected broadband spectral radiance in bands centered at 7, 9, 11, and 20 microns. These measurements were converted to emissivities at 9, 11, and 20 microns and used to construct multispectral images at five seasons. During dusty periods, these images clearly revealed the presence of suspended dust. During clear periods the seasonal and diurnal variations in water-ice cloud occurrence could be mapped using the 11 microns IRTM band. Clouds tended to occur over the Tharsis region and the region between 0 and 60 deg W near the equator, and to evolve from dispersed hazes to more localized hazes during the day. As northern summer progressed during the Viking period, the northern clouds transitioned from a diffuse haze to a more concentrated zone of clouds in the equatorial region with a well-defined northern boundary. During clear periods the IRTM multispectral data reveal significant absorptions at 9, 11, and 20 microns that are strongly correlated with surface albedo.

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