Discovery of an S-Doradus Type Outburst of an Of-Star at La-Silla

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Scientific paper

Back in 1897, E.C. Pickering reported on the variable star S Dor in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). A quarter of a century later, J.C. Duncan (1922) and M. Wolf (1923) independently discovered a few variable stars in M 33. Since the extragalactic nature of these galaxies was not yet established in those days (i. e. their distances were not known) these authors could not realize that they had discovered some of the most luminous variables of the Universe with absolute visual magnitudes brighter than Mv = -9 Thirty years later, in 1953, Hubble and Sandage investigated these stars, nowadays called Hubble-Sandage variables or SOor variables, in more detail. Their main characteristics are: (1) extremely high luminosity (L = 10^6 L), (2) spectral types: early B to F, (3) strong ultraviolet excess (U-B &let -0.8) and infrared excess, and (4) variations of more than one magnitude in the visual spectral range on timescales of years to decades.

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