Rayleigh-Taylor and wind-driven instabilities of the nighttime equatorial ionosphere

Physics

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Equatorial Atmosphere, F Region, Ionospheric Drift, Night Sky, Perturbation Theory, Taylor Instability, Wind Effects, E Region, Graphs (Charts), Ion Recombination, Ionospheric Disturbances, Molecular Ions, Positive Ions

Scientific paper

A thorough re-examination has been made of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the nighttime equatorial ionosphere from approximately 100 km to the bottomside F region. The following effects have been taken into account explicitly in various combinations: (1) the eastward drift of the ionosphere caused by the nighttime polarization electric field, (2) the eastward nighttime neutral wind, and (3) recombination in the F and E regions. It was found that, well below the bottomside F region, the Rayleigh-Taylor mode can be unstable and is driven by an eastward neutral wind rather than by gravitational drift. Formation of ionospheric bubbles below the bottomside F region is consistent with the observation of lower ionospheric ions in F region ionospheric holes; furthermore, seasonal and shorter term variations in spread-F occurrence may be associated with variations in the neutral wind and polarization electric field.

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