Flights to asteroids from an artificial earth satellite orbit with a perturbational aerodynamic impulse maneuver near Mars.

Physics

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The spacecraft departs from a low artificial earth satellite orbit and, during its approach to Mars, it descends into the atmosphere while executing the first half of a perturbational maneuver. Then some drag on the spacecraft occurs during its flight in the atmosphere of Mars at a constant altitude with a lift-to-drag ratio less than 2.4. For some spacecraft launch dates from 1970 to 2020, a velocity impulse up to approximately 2 km/sec may be required to emerge from the atmosphere and for an optimal choice of dates for Earth to Mars and Mars to the asteroids (Ceres, Vesta, Flora, Massalia, Thule) transfer flights. Then the spacecraft rises above Mars while executing the second half of the perturbational maneuver. An impulse equalization of the spacecraft and asteroid velocities is made during the spacecraft's approach flight to the target asteroid. The total of the three impulses, near the Earth, Mars, and the asteroid is, as a rule, from 2 km/sec to 3 km/sec less than the total of the two impulses necessary for direct transfer flights along the optimal Earth to asteroids trajectories on the best dates in the same launch windows.

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